The shift from traditional print-based reading to digital reading platforms has raised significant questions regarding its impact on comprehension and retention. This study explores the effects of digital reading on cognitive processing, comparing it with print reading to assess differences in information absorption, retention, and overall comprehension. With the increasing reliance on e-books, online articles, and other digital formats, understanding how digital reading influences learning outcomes is crucial for educators, researchers, and policymakers.

The research employs a comparative study design, analyzing the reading performance of participants engaging with both digital and print materials. Factors such as reading speed, depth of understanding, recall accuracy, and reader engagement are measured through comprehension tests, retention assessments, and self-reported surveys. Additionally, the study considers external variables such as screen exposure time, reading distractions, and reader preferences to provide a comprehensive understanding of digital reading efficacy.

Findings indicate that while digital reading enhances accessibility and convenience, it may lead to reduced deep reading and lower retention rates due to screen fatigue, cognitive overload, and the tendency for skimming rather than in-depth reading. On the other hand, print reading fosters better focus, comprehension, and long-term memory retention, as it minimizes distractions and encourages a more immersive experience. However, the effectiveness of digital reading varies based on individual learning styles, reading habits, and the integration of adaptive reading tools.