This paper explores the rewriting strategies used in the English edition of Xu Datong’s Lectures on China’s Traditional Political Thoughts. Drawing on Lefevere’s theory of rewriting, the study analyzes how translation adapts ideologically dense and culturally specific content for an international audience. Through close comparison of the Chinese and English texts, key strategies such as simplification, omission, cultural substitution, and ideological reframing are identified. The analysis shows that the translator balances fidelity with readability by modifying pronouns, condensing repetitive content, correcting factual errors, and providing explanatory footnotes. These changes improve accessibility while preserving core meanings. The translator acts not only as a linguistic intermediary but also as a cultural mediator, reshaping Chinese political discourse for global understanding. The study highlights how translation is both a linguistic and ideological act, crucial in cross-cultural communication. It offers insights into the role of rewriting in promoting Chinese political thought abroad and underscores the importance of strategic adaptation in translating culturally embedded academic texts.