This research paper explores identity formation through language in India’s Northeast. It critically analyzes how language has been deployed, perceived, and utilized in the Bodo and Assamese assertion of identity in India’s northeast. This research paper traces two communities, the Assamese and Bodo, to demonstrate how language-based identity is created in India’s northeast. Among the many communities in India’s Northeast, I have chosen to examine the Assamese and Bodo communities because existing literature indicates that these communities have asserted language as the primary marker of their identities. These two communities, unlike other ethnic groups in India’s Northeast, assert their identity based on language. They demonstrate, situate, and represent language and identity in multiple contexts. The research paper employs a literature review as my research method to understand the dynamics of language and identity in India’s northeast. In this research paper, I argue that history plays a significant role in the assertion of language-based identity. Additionally, the socio-political contexts of British-ruled Assam facilitate the shaping of Assamese and Bodo identity assertions based on language. This thesis will give readers a broad outlook into the linguistic landscape of India’s Northeast.